What's in it?
NORMAL SALINE
One liter of water plus sodium chloride salt is used to create this balanced solution which hydrates the body and increases perfusion to all organs. Dissolving NAD+ in normal saline and infusing intravenously is the most direct method to increase NAD+ levels in the cells.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
A cofactor found in all living cells. Depletion has been associated with the hallmarks of aging, and may underlie many age-related diseases like metabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence is showing that increasing NAD+ levels may slow or even reverse the aspects of aging and also delay the progression of age-related diseases.
What is NAD+?
NAD+ controls hundreds of key processes from energy metabolism to cell survival, rising and falling depending on food intake, exercise, and the time of day. NAD+ levels steadily decline with age, resulting in altered metabolism and increased disease susceptibility. Restoration of NAD+ levels in old or diseased animals can promote health and extend lifespan, therefore NAD-boosting molecules hold the promise of increasing the body’s resilience, not just to one disease, but to many, thereby extending healthy human lifespan.
Homeostatic levels of NAD+ can be achieved by ingesting 15 mg of niacin daily. For most of the 20th century, this was considered optimal. It is now known that NAD+ levels decline with age and that raising levels back up to or even above baseline provides a surprising number of health benefits in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to rodents.
Benefits of NAD+
The benefits of NAD+ are wide ranging and affect nearly every organ system in the body. Increasing levels of NAD+ via supplementation, exercise, and diet can have profound positive effects as outlined below.
NAD+ Therapy
NAD+, or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, is found in all cells in our body, specifically in the mitochondria- the energy producing powerhouses of the cell. As we age, the levels of NAD+ in our mitochondria decrease, thereby contributing to our decreased energy levels. NAD+ also has been shown to prevent cell damage and aging, as well as halting or slowing down neurodegenerative diseases. Infusions of NAD+ have been shown to increase energy levels, and reverse aging to effectively turn back the hands of time. To learn more about this revolutionary treatment, click here.
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Liver Function
Key enzymes in NAD+ signaling pathways are known to protect the liver from fat accumulation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance, which are related to the development of fatty liver diseases, such as NAFLD and NASH.Raising NAD+ levels back to those of young or lean mice has been particularly effective at preventing and treating obesity, alcoholic steatohepatitis, and NASH, while improving glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. NAD+ boosting appears to not only improve the health of the liver, but also increase its capacity for regeneration and protect it against hepatotoxicity.
Kidney Function
Several lines of evidence indicate that reduced levels of NAD+ in aged kidneys are largely responsible for reduced kidney function and resilience with age
Skeletal Muscle Function
Treatment with NAD+ dramatically improves muscle function, reverses detrimental age-associated changes in muscle by increasing mitochondrial function, increasing ATP production, reducing inflammation, and switching glycolytic type II muscle to a more oxidative fiber type (Gomes et al., 2013).
Cardiac Function
NAD+ levels are critical for normal heart function and recovery from injury. NMN treatment either 30 min before ischemia (500 mg/kg, i.p.) or repetitive administration just before and during reperfusion provides marked protection against pres- sure overload and ischemia-reperfusion injury, reducing infarct size by as much as 44% (Hsu et al., 2009; Karamanlidis et al., 2013; Pillai et al., 2005; Yamamoto et al., 2014).
Endothelial and Vascular Function
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases contribute to the greatest decline in quality of life after 65 and are directly responsible for about one-third of all deaths (Nichols et al., 2014; Ungvari et al., 2010). Treatment of mice with NMN (500 mg/kg/day in water for 28 days) improves bloodflow and increases endurance in elderly mice by promoting SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary den- sity (D.A.S., unpublished data). Thus repleting NAD+ levels in the vascular endothelium is an attractive approach to increasing mobility in the elderly and treating conditions exacerbated by decreased blood flow, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, slow wound healing, liver dysfunction, and muscle myopathies.
Immunity and Inflammation
There is a growing body of evidence that NAD+ precursors can have anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of 24-month-old mice with NMN for 1 week reduced the expression of inflamma- tion markers such as TNF-a and IL-6 in skeletal muscle (Gomes et al., 2013). Similarly, NR significantly reduced inflammation in a mouse model of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) autoimmunity (Fang et al., 2016) and in the muscular dystrophy MDX mouse model. NAM has been effective in the treatment of various inflammatory skin conditions (Niren, 2006), reduces the area of infiltration and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse models (Kaneko et al., 2006), and prevents photo-immunosuppression and photo-carcinogenesis (Damian et al., 2008; Gensler, 1997; Yiasemides et al., 2009).
Neuronal Function
Numerous studies have reinforced the view that NAD+ levels are key to neuronal function and survival.
In addition to protecting damaged neurons, NAD+ precursors have shown promise in delaying the effects of several neurodegenerative diseases. In models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), NAD treatment improved cognition and synaptic plasticity in mice and rats (Gong et al., 2013; Hou et al., 2018; Long et al., 2015; Sorrentino et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2016). NAM increases cell viability in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Jia et al., 2008), and several studies have also suggested that an NA-rich diet both reduces the risk of developing PD and improves the physical functioning of individuals with PD (Alisky, 2005; Fall et al., 1999; Hellenbrand et al., 1996).NAD-boosting regimens prevent and in some cases can reverse neuronal degeneration associated with hearing loss, prion toxicity, retinal damage, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and periph- eral neuropathy (Brown et al., 2014; Dutca et al., 2014; Hamity et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2016; Vaur et al., 2017; Yin et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2015).
Aging and Longevity
Total NAD+ levels were once considered extremely stable. Recently, however, it has become clear that a steady decline in total NAD+ levels over time is a natural part of life for all species, from yeast to humans (Balan et al., 2008; Belenky et al., 2007; Lin et al., 2004; Massudi et al., 2012; Mouchiroud et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhu et al., 2015). This decline, along with the decreased activity of NAD+ signaling proteins, is believed to be one of the major reasons organisms, including humans, age.